By Kelly Maue
One in eight women in the U.S. will face breast cancer during their lifetime, with around 2.3 million new cases diagnosed each year. It is the most common form of cancer among women worldwide. But the good news is that survival rates have been increasing thanks to research, education and awareness, screenings, early detection, and treatment options – all of which are amplified during Breast Cancer Awareness Month in October.
The effort began in 1985 as a week-long event and then expanded into the entire month of October. This global campaign raises funds for research, educates the public, promotes screenings, and helps with resources.
Breast cancer develops when cells grow out of control. Something changes the DNA inside breast tissue cells, and the cancerous cells multiply faster than healthy cells. This may develop into a growth or tumor that invades previously healthy tissue. Eventually, breast cancer can sometimes spread or metastasize to other areas of the body. While it primarily occurs in women, men are also at risk because everyone has breast tissue. And while breast cancer typically strikes older women, the disease is becoming more common in women under age 50.
While the exact cause of breast cancer is often unknown, researchers have identified certain risk factors. It may often be a combination of genetics and environment, with many elements beyond our control. Family history, aging, radiation exposure, environmental pollutants, dense breast tissue, and inherited gene mutations such as changes in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are all linked to the disease. Other contributing factors like tobacco or alcohol use, a high body mass index, lack of exercise, and a poor diet (low in fruits and vegetables and high in ultra-processed foods and red meat) are also associated with various cancers, including breast cancer. Additionally, starting menstruation before age 12, entering menopause after 55, having a first child after age 35, or never having been pregnant are more causal factors.
But some measures can help reduce the risk of breast cancer. Lifestyle habits like maintaining a healthy weight, exercising, limiting or avoiding alcohol, and cutting out tobacco all lower the likelihood of disease. Women who breastfeed also gain some protection.
One of the most effective ways to improve outcome is early detection. Knowing your own body and performing monthly breast self-exams are key to noticing any changes. Additionally, annual mammograms are generally recommended for women after age 40. Mammograms and other screenings can catch suspicious findings years before someone can feel a lump and before there’s a chance for cancer to grow or spread. This can lead to higher survival rates and less aggressive treatment. Talk to your healthcare provider to assess personal risk factors and determine how best to manage breast health and preventive care.
For over 40 years, October has been a dedicated month-long event to focus on breast cancer awareness. And it’s working. Deaths have plummeted by over 40% through efforts in education, improvements in early detection, enhanced research and treatment, and patient support services. Breast Cancer Awareness Month is saving lives.
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